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忧郁的演化:人类情绪本能如何走向现代失能病症
SKU 9789865727659
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假設演化後的能力都有助於繁衍後代,那麼為何「憂鬱」這種擾人的情緒會留下來呢?
一心想成為歷史學家的強納森・羅騰伯格,在念博士班那一年,遭受憂鬱侵擾,連出門買東西都無法集中注意力。為了認識這個疾病、找回人生,強納森進入史丹佛大學心理系,最後成為憂鬱症研究學者。
就心理功能上來看,憂鬱心情對人的生存幫助有二:第一是停止錯誤嘗試,讓當事人休養生息;其次是串連人際網絡,讓親族好友前來安慰當事人。不過,有助於生存的低落情緒怎麼會變成病呢?第一,過去只有天災野獸,威脅很明顯,所以人的憂鬱很單純。但隨著社會結構、文化、科技變得複雜,不確定的訊息變多,人感覺威脅變多,於是更容易不安。其次,人會透過語言文字反芻思考,過度揣測憂鬱原因或是產生罪惡感,強化惡劣心情。最後是現代文化對快樂的設定值太高、太單一,但不是人人都適合。
羅騰伯格強調,過去我們都把憂鬱症當成一種待修正的「缺陷」,不只使它汙名化,也讓我們以為只要移除症狀就算康復。其實,在專業的協助下,透過「傾聽憂鬱」,也有助於了解自己的人生困境。更重要的是,在即將痊癒的後憂鬱期,找出人生目的,再次成長,才能走向穩定的康復之路。
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